Em9
TFIIH subunit XPD is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERCC2 (ERCC excision repair 2) gene. It is a component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex involved in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair.
Along with XPB, XPD is a part of human transcriptional initiation factor TFIIH and has ATP-dependent helicase activity. It belongs to the RAD3/XPD subfamily of helicases.
The XPD (ERCC2) gene encodes for a 2.3-kb mRNA containing 22 exons and 21 introns. The XPD protein contains 760 amino acids and is a polypeptide with a size of 87kDa. Defects in this gene can result in three different disorders: the cancer-prone syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D, photosensitive trichothiodystrophy, and Cockayne syndrome.
XPD is essential for the viability of cells. Deletion of XPD in mice is lethal for developing embryos.
XPD helicase is also employed in p53-mediated apoptotic cell death.
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